MICROSTRUCTURE VERSUS TOPOGRAPHY: THE IMPACT OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SUBSTRATE MODIFICATION DURING ULTRASHORT PULSED DIRECT LASER INTERFERENCE PATTERNING ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF CU

Introduction: Topographic surface patterning in the micro- and nanometer scale has evolved into a well applied approach in surface functionalization following biomimetic blueprints from nature.Depending on the production process an additional impact of process-related substrate modification has to be considered in functional surface optimization.Th

In this work we investigate the rheological behaviour of macroscopic buoyant hard spheres dispersed in a shear-thinning suspending fluid.We focus on the phenomenological study of the influence of the shear-thinning behaviour of the suspending medium on the effective apparent suspension viscosity at different volume fractions.In the oil industry, th

Ground water with arsenic concentrations greater than the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standard exists throughout much of the CALFED solution area.These high concentrations are of con-cern from the standpoint of both existing water supply and development of conjunctive use projects.Much is known about arsenic mobility in groun

Abstract The astounding number of anti-phage defenses encoded by bacteria is countered by french wrap plus an elaborate set of phage counter-defenses, though their evolutionary origins are often unknown.Here, we report the discovery of an orphan antitoxin counter-defense element in T4-like phages that can overcome the bacterial toxin-antitoxin phag

Category: Hindfoot, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Persistent nonunions with large bone defects continue to represent a challenging problem for foot and ankle surgeons.Vascularized corticocancellous grafts have been well described for various applications and represent a comprehensive solution to these difficult nonunion cases.We describe f